Installation Guide¶

Supported Platforms¶

The NVIDIA Container Toolkit is available on a variety of Linux distributions and supports different container engines.

Note

As of NVIDIA Container Toolkit 1.7.0 (nvidia-docker2 >= 2.8.0) support for Jetson plaforms is included for Ubuntu 18.04 and Ubuntu 20.04 distributions. This means that the installation instructions provided for these distributions are expected to work on Jetson devices.

Linux Distributions¶

Supported Linux distributions are listed below:

OS Name / Version	Identifier	amd64 / x86_64	ppc64le	arm64 / aarch64
Amazon Linux 2	amzn2	X		X
Amazon Linux 2017.09	amzn2017.09	X
Amazon Linux 2018.03	amzn2018.03	X
Open Suse/SLES 15.0	sles15.0	X
Open Suse/SLES 15.x	sles15.1	X
Debian Linux 9	debian9	X
Debian Linux 10	debian10	X
Debian Linux 11	debian11	X
Centos 7	centos7	X	X
Centos 8	centos8	X	X	X
RHEL 7.x (*)	rhel7.x	X	X
RHEL 8.x (*)	rhel8.x	X	X	X
Ubuntu 16.04	ubuntu16.04	X	X
Ubuntu 18.04	ubuntu18.04	X	X	X
Ubuntu 20.04	ubuntu20.04	X	X	X

(*) Minor releases of RHEL 7 and RHEL 8 (i.e. 7.4 -> 7.9 are symlinked to centos7 and 8.0 -> 8.3 are symlinked to centos8 resp.)

Container Runtimes¶

Supported container runtimes are listed below:

OS Name / Version	amd64 / x86_64	ppc64le	arm64 / aarch64
Docker 18.09	X	X	X
Docker 19.03	X	X	X
Docker 20.10	X	X	X
RHEL/CentOS 8 podman	X
CentOS 8 Docker	X
RHEL/CentOS 7 Docker	X

Note

On Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 8, Docker is no longer a supported container runtime. See Building, Running and Managing Containers for more information on the container tools available on the distribution.

Pre-Requisites¶

NVIDIA Drivers¶

Before you get started, make sure you have installed the NVIDIA driver for your Linux distribution. The recommended way to install drivers is to use the package manager for your distribution but other installer mechanisms are also available (e.g. by downloading .run installers from NVIDIA Driver Downloads).

For instructions on using your package manager to install drivers from the official CUDA network repository, follow the steps in this guide.

Platform Requirements¶

The list of prerequisites for running NVIDIA Container Toolkit is described below:

GNU/Linux x86_64 with kernel version > 3.10
Docker >= 19.03 (recommended, but some distributions may include older versions of Docker. The minimum supported version is 1.12)
NVIDIA GPU with Architecture >= Kepler (or compute capability 3.0)
NVIDIA Linux drivers >= 418.81.07 (Note that older driver releases or branches are unsupported.)

Note

Your driver version might limit your CUDA capabilities. Newer NVIDIA drivers are backwards-compatible with CUDA Toolkit versions, but each new version of CUDA requires a minimum driver version. Running a CUDA container requires a machine with at least one CUDA-capable GPU and a driver compatible with the CUDA toolkit version you are using. The machine running the CUDA container only requires the NVIDIA driver, the CUDA toolkit doesn’t have to be installed. The CUDA release notes includes a table of the minimum driver and CUDA Toolkit versions.

Docker¶

Getting Started¶

For installing Docker CE, follow the official instructions for your supported Linux distribution. For convenience, the documentation below includes instructions on installing Docker for various Linux distributions.

Installing on Ubuntu and Debian¶

The following steps can be used to setup NVIDIA Container Toolkit on Ubuntu LTS - 16.04, 18.04, 20.4 and Debian - Stretch, Buster distributions.

Setting up Docker¶

Docker-CE on Ubuntu can be setup using Docker’s official convenience script:

$ curl https://get.docker.com | sh \
  && sudo systemctl --now enable docker

Setting up NVIDIA Container Toolkit¶

Setup the package repository and the GPG key:

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
      && curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg \
      && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/$distribution/libnvidia-container.list | \
            sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' | \
            sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

Note

To get access to experimental features and access to release candidates, you may want to add the experimental branch to the repository listing:

$  distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
      && curl -fsSL https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg \
      && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/experimental/$distribution/libnvidia-container.list | \
         sed 's#deb https://#deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/nvidia-container-toolkit-keyring.gpg] https://#g' | \
         sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

Note

For version of the NVIDIA Container Toolkit prior to 1.6.0, the nvidia-docker repository should be used instead of the libnvidia-container repositories above.

Note

Note that in some cases the downloaded list file may contain URLs that do not seem to match the expected value of distribution which is expected as packages may be used for all compatible distributions. As an examples:

For distribution values of ubuntu20.04 or ubuntu22.04 the file will contain ubuntu18.04 URLs

For a distribution value of debian11 the file will contain debian10 URLs

Install the nvidia-docker2 package (and dependencies) after updating the package listing:

$ sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-docker2

Restart the Docker daemon to complete the installation after setting the default runtime:

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

At this point, a working setup can be tested by running a base CUDA container:

$ sudo docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

This should result in a console output shown below:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 450.51.06    Driver Version: 450.51.06    CUDA Version: 11.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4            On   | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   34C    P8     9W /  70W |      0MiB / 15109MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Installing on CentOS 7/8¶

The following steps can be used to setup the NVIDIA Container Toolkit on CentOS 7/8.

Setting up Docker on CentOS 7/8¶

Note

If you’re on a cloud instance such as EC2, then the official CentOS images may not include tools such as iptables which are required for a successful Docker installation. Try this command to get a more functional VM, before proceeding with the remaining steps outlined in this document.

$ sudo dnf install -y tar bzip2 make automake gcc gcc-c++ vim pciutils elfutils-libelf-devel libglvnd-devel iptables

Setup the official Docker CE repository:

$ sudo dnf config-manager --add-repo=https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

Now you can observe the packages available from the docker-ce repo:

Since CentOS does not support specific versions of containerd.io packages that are required for newer versions of Docker-CE, one option is to manually install the containerd.io package and then proceed to install the docker-ce packages.

Install the containerd.io package:

$ sudo dnf install -y https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/containerd.io-1.4.3-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm

And now install the latest docker-ce package:

$ sudo dnf install docker-ce -y

Ensure the Docker service is running with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl --now enable docker

And finally, test your Docker installation by running the hello-world container:

$ sudo docker run --rm hello-world

This should result in a console output shown below:

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7f0a9f93b4aa3022c3a4c147a449bf11e0941a1fd0bf4a8e6c9408b2600777c5
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
   (amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
   executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
   to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Setting up NVIDIA Container Toolkit¶

Setup the repository and the GPG key:

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
   && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/$distribution/libnvidia-container.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo

Note

To get access to experimental features and access to release candidates, you may want to add the experimental branch to the repository listing:

$ yum-config-manager --enable libnvidia-container-experimental

Note

For version of the NVIDIA Container Toolkit prior to 1.6.0, the nvidia-docker repository should be used instead of the libnvidia-container repositories above.

Install the nvidia-docker2 package (and dependencies) after updating the package listing:

$ sudo dnf clean expire-cache --refresh

$ sudo dnf install -y nvidia-docker2

Restart the Docker daemon to complete the installation after setting the default runtime:

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

At this point, a working setup can be tested by running a base CUDA container:

$ sudo docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

This should result in a console output shown below:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 450.51.06    Driver Version: 450.51.06    CUDA Version: 11.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4            On   | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   34C    P8     9W /  70W |      0MiB / 15109MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Installing on RHEL 7¶

The following steps can be used to setup the NVIDIA Container Toolkit on RHEL 7.

Setting up Docker on RHEL 7¶

RHEL includes Docker in the Extras repository. To install Docker on RHEL 7, first enable this repository:

$ sudo subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-7-server-extras-rpms

Docker can then be installed using yum

$ sudo yum install docker -y

Setting up NVIDIA Container Toolkit¶

Setup the repository and the GPG key:

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
   && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/$distribution/libnvidia-container.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo

Note

To get access to experimental features and access to release candidates, you may want to add the experimental branch to the repository listing:

$ yum-config-manager --enable libnvidia-container-experimental

Note

For version of the NVIDIA Container Toolkit prior to 1.6.0, the nvidia-docker repository should be used instead of the libnvidia-container repositories above.

On RHEL 7, install the nvidia-container-toolkit package (and dependencies) after updating the package listing:

$ sudo yum clean expire-cache

$ sudo yum install nvidia-container-toolkit -y

Note

On POWER (ppc64le) platforms, the following package should be used: nvidia-container-hook instead of nvidia-container-toolkit

Restart the Docker daemon to complete the installation after setting the default runtime:

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

At this point, a working setup can be tested by running a base CUDA container:

$ sudo docker run --rm -e NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

This should result in a console output shown below:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 450.51.06    Driver Version: 450.51.06    CUDA Version: 11.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4            Off  | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   43C    P0    20W /  70W |      0MiB / 15109MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Note

Depending on how your RHEL 7 system is configured with SELinux, you may have to use --security-opt=label=disable on the Docker command line to share parts of the host OS that can not be relabeled. Without this option, you may observe this error when running GPU containers: Failed to initialize NVML: Insufficient Permissions. However, using this option disables SELinux separation in the container and the container is executed in an unconfined type. Review the SELinux policies on your system.

Installing on SUSE 15¶

The following steps can be used to setup the NVIDIA Container Toolkit on SUSE SLES 15 and OpenSUSE Leap 15.

Setting up Docker on SUSE 15¶

To install the latest Docker 19.03 CE release on SUSE 15 (OpenSUSE Leap or SLES), you can use the Virtualization::containers project.

First, set up the repository:

$ sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/Virtualization:containers/openSUSE_Leap_15.2/Virtualization:containers.repo \
   && sudo zypper refresh

Install the docker package:

$ sudo zypper install docker

Ensure the Docker service is running with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl --now enable docker

And finally, test your Docker installation by running the hello-world container:

$ sudo docker run --rm hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7f0a9f93b4aa3022c3a4c147a449bf11e0941a1fd0bf4a8e6c9408b2600777c5
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
   (amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
   executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
   to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Setting up NVIDIA Container Toolkit¶

Note

You may have to set $distribution variable to opensuse-leap15.1 explicitly when adding the repositories

Setup the repository and refresh the package listings

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
   && sudo zypper ar https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/$distribution/libnvidia-container.repo

Note

To get access to experimental features and access to release candidates, you may want to add the experimental branch to the repository listing:

$ zypper modifyrepo --enable libnvidia-container-experimental

Note

For version of the NVIDIA Container Toolkit prior to 1.6.0, the nvidia-docker repository should be used instead of the libnvidia-container repositories above.

Install the nvidia-docker2 package (and dependencies) after updating the package listing:

$ sudo zypper install -y nvidia-docker2

Restart the Docker daemon to complete the installation after setting the default runtime:

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

At this point, a working setup can be tested by running a base CUDA container:

$ sudo docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

This should result in a console output shown below:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 450.51.06    Driver Version: 450.51.06    CUDA Version: 11.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4            On   | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   34C    P8     9W /  70W |      0MiB / 15109MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Installing on Amazon Linux¶

The following steps can be used to setup the NVIDIA Container Toolkit on Amazon Linux 1 and Amazon Linux 2.

Setting up Docker on Amazon Linux¶

Amazon Linux is available on Amazon EC2 instances. For full install instructions, see Docker basics for Amazon ECS.

After launching the official Amazon Linux EC2 image, update the installed packages and install the most recent Docker CE packages:

Install the docker package:

$ sudo amazon-linux-extras install docker

Ensure the Docker service is running with the following command:

$ sudo systemctl --now enable docker

And finally, test your Docker installation by running the hello-world container:

$ sudo docker run --rm hello-world

This should result in a console output shown below:

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:7f0a9f93b4aa3022c3a4c147a449bf11e0941a1fd0bf4a8e6c9408b2600777c5
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
   (amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
   executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
   to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Setting up NVIDIA Container Toolkit¶

Setup the repository and the GPG key:

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
   && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/$distribution/libnvidia-container.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.repo

Note

To get access to experimental features and access to release candidates, you may want to add the experimental branch to the repository listing:

$ yum-config-manager --enable libnvidia-container-experimental

Note

For version of the NVIDIA Container Toolkit prior to 1.6.0, the nvidia-docker repository should be used instead of the libnvidia-container repositories above.

Install the nvidia-docker2 package (and dependencies) after updating the package listing:

$ sudo yum clean expire-cache

Restart the Docker daemon to complete the installation after setting the default runtime:

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

At this point, a working setup can be tested by running a base CUDA container:

$ sudo docker run --rm --gpus all nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

This should result in a console output shown below:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 450.51.06    Driver Version: 450.51.06    CUDA Version: 11.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4            On   | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   34C    P8     9W /  70W |      0MiB / 15109MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

containerd¶

Getting Started¶

For installing containerd, follow the official instructions for your supported Linux distribution. For convenience, the documentation below includes instructions on installing containerd for various Linux distributions supported by NVIDIA.

Step 0: Pre-Requisites¶

To install containerd as the container engine on the system, install some pre-requisite modules:

$ sudo modprobe overlay \
    && sudo modprobe br_netfilter

You can also ensure these are persistent:

$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

Note

If you’re going to use containerd as a CRI runtime with Kubernetes, configure the sysctl parameters:

$ cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
EOF

And then apply the params:

Step 1: Install containerd¶

After the pre-requisities, we can proceed with installing containerd for your Linux distribution.

Setup the Docker repository as described here:

Install packages to allow apt to use a repository over HTTPS:

$ sudo apt-get install \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release

Add the repository GPG key and the repo:

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

$ echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

Now, install the containerd package:

$ sudo apt-get update \
    && sudo apt-get install -y containerd.io

Configure containerd with a default config.toml configuration file:

$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd \
    && sudo containerd config default | sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml

To make use of the NVIDIA Container Runtime, additional configuration is required. The following options should be added to configure nvidia as a runtime and use systemd as the cgroup driver. A patch is provided below:

$ cat <<EOF > containerd-config.patch
--- config.toml.orig    2020-12-18 18:21:41.884984894 +0000
+++ /etc/containerd/config.toml 2020-12-18 18:23:38.137796223 +0000
@@ -94,6 +94,15 @@
        privileged_without_host_devices = false
        base_runtime_spec = ""
        [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
+            SystemdCgroup = true
+       [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia]
+          privileged_without_host_devices = false
+          runtime_engine = ""
+          runtime_root = ""
+          runtime_type = "io.containerd.runc.v1"
+          [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.nvidia.options]
+            BinaryName = "/usr/bin/nvidia-container-runtime"
+            SystemdCgroup = true
    [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".cni]
    bin_dir = "/opt/cni/bin"
    conf_dir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
EOF

After apply the configuration patch, restart containerd:

$ sudo systemctl restart containerd

You can test the installation by using the Docker hello-world container with the ctr tool:

$ sudo ctr image pull docker.io/library/hello-world:latest \
    && sudo ctr run --rm -t docker.io/library/hello-world:latest hello-world

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

Step 2: Install NVIDIA Container Toolkit¶

After installing containerd, we can proceed to install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit. For containerd, we need to use the nvidia-container-toolkit package. See the architecture overview for more details on the package hierarchy.

First, setup the package repository and GPG key:

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
    && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add - \
    && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/$distribution/libnvidia-container.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

Now, install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit:

$ sudo apt-get update \
    && sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit

Note

For version of the NVIDIA Container Toolkit prior to 1.6.0, the nvidia-docker repository should be used and the nvidia-container-runtime package should be installed instead. This means that the package repositories should be set up as follows:

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
    && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add - \
    && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

The installed packages can be confirmed by running:

$ sudo apt list --installed *nvidia*

Step 3: Testing the Installation¶

Then, we can test a GPU container:

$ sudo ctr image pull docker.io/nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04

$ sudo ctr run --rm --gpus 0 -t docker.io/nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 cuda-11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

You should see an output similar to the one shown below:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 450.80.02    Driver Version: 450.80.02    CUDA Version: 11.0     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4            On   | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   34C    P8     9W /  70W |      0MiB / 15109MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

podman¶

Getting Started¶

For installing podman, follow the official instructions for your supported Linux distribution. For convenience, the documentation below includes instructions on installing podman on RHEL 8.

Step 1: Install podman¶

On RHEL 8, check if the container-tools module is available:

$ sudo dnf module list | grep container-tools

This should return an output as shown below:

container-tools      rhel8 [d]          common [d]                               Most recent (rolling) versions of podman, buildah, skopeo, runc, conmon, runc, conmon, CRIU, Udica, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and updated as frequently as every 12 weeks.
container-tools      1.0                common [d]                               Stable versions of podman 1.0, buildah 1.5, skopeo 0.1, runc, conmon, CRIU, Udica, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported for 24 months.
container-tools      2.0                common [d]                               Stable versions of podman 1.6, buildah 1.11, skopeo 0.1, runc, conmon, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported as documented on the Application Stream lifecycle page.
container-tools      rhel8 [d]          common [d]                               Most recent (rolling) versions of podman, buildah, skopeo, runc, conmon, runc, conmon, CRIU, Udica, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and updated as frequently as every 12 weeks.
container-tools      1.0                common [d]                               Stable versions of podman 1.0, buildah 1.5, skopeo 0.1, runc, conmon, CRIU, Udica, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported for 24 months.
container-tools      2.0                common [d]                               Stable versions of podman 1.6, buildah 1.11, skopeo 0.1, runc, conmon, etc as well as dependencies such as container-selinux built and tested together, and supported as documented on the Application Stream lifecycle page.

Now, proceed to install the container-tools module, which will install podman:

$ sudo dnf module install -y container-tools

Once, podman is installed, check the version:

$ podman version
Version:      2.2.1
API Version:  2
Go Version:   go1.14.7
Built:        Mon Feb  8 21:19:06 2021
OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

Step 2: Install NVIDIA Container Toolkit¶

After installing podman, we can proceed to install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit. For podman, we need to use the nvidia-container-toolkit package. See the architecture overview for more details on the package hierarchy.

First, setup the package repository and GPG key:

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
    && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add - \
    && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/libnvidia-container/$distribution/libnvidia-container.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

Now, install the NVIDIA Container Toolkit:

$ sudo apt-get update \
    && sudo apt-get install -y nvidia-container-toolkit

Note

$ distribution=$(. /etc/os-release;echo $ID$VERSION_ID) \
    && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/gpgkey | sudo apt-key add - \
    && curl -s -L https://nvidia.github.io/nvidia-docker/$distribution/nvidia-docker.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nvidia-container-toolkit.list

The installed packages can be confirmed by running:

$ sudo apt list --installed *nvidia*

Step 2.1. Check the installation¶

Once the package installation is complete, ensure that the hook has been added:

$ cat  /usr/share/containers/oci/hooks.d/oci-nvidia-hook.json

{
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "hook": {
        "path": "/usr/bin/nvidia-container-toolkit",
        "args": ["nvidia-container-toolkit", "prestart"],
        "env": [
            "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
        ]
    },
    "when": {
        "always": true,
        "commands": [".*"]
    },
    "stages": ["prestart"]
}

Step 3: Rootless Containers Setup¶

To be able to run rootless containers with podman, we need the following configuration change to the NVIDIA runtime:

$ sudo sed -i 's/^#no-cgroups = false/no-cgroups = true/;' /etc/nvidia-container-runtime/config.toml

Note

If the user running the containers is a privileged user (e.g. root) this change should not be made and will cause containers using the NVIDIA Container Toolkit to fail.

Step 4: Running Sample Workloads¶

We can now run some sample GPU containers to test the setup.

Run nvidia-smi

$ podman run --rm --security-opt=label=disable \
     --hooks-dir=/usr/share/containers/oci/hooks.d/ \
     nvidia/cuda:11.0.3-base-ubuntu20.04 nvidia-smi

which should produce the following output:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 460.32.03    Driver Version: 460.32.03    CUDA Version: 11.2     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|                               |                      |               MIG M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla T4            Off  | 00000000:00:1E.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   46C    P0    27W /  70W |      0MiB / 15109MiB |      0%      Default |
|                               |                      |                  N/A |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                                  |
|  GPU   GI   CI        PID   Type   Process name                  GPU Memory |
|        ID   ID                                                   Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|  No running processes found                                                 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Run an FP16 GEMM workload on the GPU that can leverage the Tensor Cores when available:

$ podman run --rm --security-opt=label=disable \
     --hooks-dir=/usr/share/containers/oci/hooks.d/ \
     --cap-add SYS_ADMIN nvidia/samples:dcgmproftester-2.0.10-cuda11.0-ubuntu18.04 \
     --no-dcgm-validation -t 1004 -d 30

You should be able to see an output as shown below:

Skipping CreateDcgmGroups() since DCGM validation is disabled
CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_THREADS_PER_MULTIPROCESSOR: 1024
CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_MULTIPROCESSOR_COUNT: 40
CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_SHARED_MEMORY_PER_MULTIPROCESSOR: 65536
CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPUTE_CAPABILITY_MAJOR: 7
CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPUTE_CAPABILITY_MINOR: 5
CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_GLOBAL_MEMORY_BUS_WIDTH: 256
CU_DEVICE_ATTRIBUTE_MEMORY_CLOCK_RATE: 5001000
Max Memory bandwidth: 320064000000 bytes (320.06 GiB)
CudaInit completed successfully.

Skipping WatchFields() since DCGM validation is disabled
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27334.5 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27795.5 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27846.0 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27865.9 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27837.6 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27709.7 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27615.3 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27620.3 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27530.7 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27477.4 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27461.1 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27454.6 gflops)
TensorEngineActive: generated ???, dcgm 0.000 (27381.2 gflops)